Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Bones and Actions
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Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis
Lumborum
Sacrum
VertebralColumn
Skull
MuscleGroup
8
(G8)
Spine
Muscles thatmove the
Actions of the Spine
Flexion
Extension
LateralFlexion
(to the left)
G8 - Actions
bodylightbooks.com
MMM, p. 129
Rotation Left
Rotation Right
LateralFlexion
(to the right)
MMM
p. 129-136
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Spine
Muscles that move the
bodylightbooks.com
MMM, p. 131
G8 - Muscle Overview
1.Spinalis
2.Longissimus
3.Iliocostalis
4.Semispinalis
5.Multifidus
6.Rotatores
7.Quadratus Lumborum
8.Interspinalis &Intertransversarii
Erector Spinae Group:
Transversospinal Group:
Other:
SuperficialParaspinalMuscles
DeepParaspinalMuscles
G8
• Elevation, Depression
• Abduction (Protraction), Adduction (Retraction)
• Upward Rotation, Downward Rotation
Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)
Modified Ball and Socket Joint
Medial end ofClavicle
Manubrium ofSternum
◄►
Anterior
Posterior
Anterior
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
Gliding Joint
Lateral end ofClavicle
Acromion ofScapula
◄►
Scapulothoracic Joint
False Joint
Posterior wall ofThorax (Ribs)
Anterior Surfaceof Scapula
◄►
Movements of the Scapula
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
© 2011 Bodylight Books
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Spinalis
G8 - 1
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
Spinalis
Origin:
Overall description:
SP’s of upper lumbar & lower thoracicvertebrae, and
SP’s of upper thoracic & lower cervicalvertebrae
Insertion:
Overall description:
SP’s of upper thoracic vertebrae, and
SP’s of upper cervical vertebrae
Action:
BL & UL: Extension of the spine
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
G8 - 1
MMM, p. 132
SP’s of
Upper ThoracicVertebrae
SP’s of
Upper Thoracic& Lower CervicalVertebrae
SP’s of
Upper Lumbar
& Lower ThoracicVertebrae
SP’s of
Upper CervicalVertebrae
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Longissimus
G8 - 2
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Posterior
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Longissimus
Origin:
Overall description:
Lumbar fascia /common tendon,
TVP’s of all lumbar vertebrae,
TVP’s of upper thoracic & lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion:
Overall description:
Ribs & TVP’s of the thoracic & cervical vertebrae,and mastoid process of temporal bone
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Lateral flexion of the spine
(Also, some fibers assist rotation of spine
to the same side)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
G8 - 2
MMM, p. 132
Ribs &TVP’s ofThoracicVertebrae
LumbarFascia
MastoidProcess
TVP’s of
Upper Thoracic& Lower CervicalVertebrae
CervicalTVP’s
TVP’s of
All LumbarVertebrae
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Iliocostalis
G8 - 3
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
Iliocostalis
Origin:
Overall description:
Lumbar fascia /common tendon, andthe posterior ribs #3 – 12
(at the angles of the ribs)
Insertion:
Overall description:
Posterior aspect of all the ribs, andTVP’s of the lower cervical vertebrae
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Lateral flexion of the spine
(Also, some fibers assist rotation of spineto the same side)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
G8 - 3
MMM, p. 132
PosteriorRibs
TVP’s ofLowerCervicals
LumbarFascia
PosteriorRibs
#3-12
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Semispinalis
G8 - 4
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 4
MMM, p. 132
Semispinalis
Origin:
TVP’s of thoracic vertebrae T1-T10 &
cervical vertebrae C5-C7
Insertion:
SP’s of vertebrae above –
spanning 5 vertebrae,
and to the occipital bone (capitis)
(occiput attachment Is between the
superior and inferior nuchal lines)
Action:
BL: Extension of the head and spine
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
(Cervicis and Thoracis)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
TVP’s ofC5-C7
SP’s
5VertebraeAbove
TVP’s ofT1-T10
Occiput
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Multifidus
G8 - 5
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 5
MMM, p. 132
Multifidus
Origin:
Sacrum and TVP's of all vertebrae
of the spine (except C1-C3)
Insertion:
SP's of vertebrae above –
each spans 2 - 4 vertebrae
above before inserting
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
All: Stabilize vertebrae on each other
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
TVP’s ofAllVertebrae
(except C1-C3)
Sacrum
SP’s
2 - 4VertebraeAbove
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Rotatores
G8 - 6
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 6
MMM, p. 132
Rotatores
(Longus & Brevis)
Origin:
Sacrum and TVP's of all vertebrae of
the spine
Insertion:
Lamina of vertebrae above –
Brevis: Inserts on next vertebra up
Longus: Spans 1 vertebra before inserting
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
All: Stabilize vertebrae on each other
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
TVP’s ofAllVertebrae
(except C1-C2)
Sacrum
Lamina ofVertebraeabove –
Brevis:NextVertebra
Longus:Skips 1Vertebra
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Quadratus Lumborum
G8 - 7
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 7
MMM, p. 132
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin:
Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
Insertion:
Rib #12, TVP's of L1 - L4
Action:
BL: Extension of the lumbar spine.
UL: Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine.
If the spine is fixed:
UL: Raises the ilium (hip hike)
BL: Creates anterior pelvic tilt
During breathing: Stabilizes rib #12
during inhalation
Nerve: Lumbar plexus (T12, L1-L3)
Rib #12
TVP’s ofL1-L4
Iliac Crest
IliolumbarLigament
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Interspinalis andIntertransversarii
G8 - 8
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
T12
L5
C2
T2
A
A
B
B
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 8
MMM, p. 130
Interspinales & Intertransversarii
Origins / Insertions:
Pairs of muscles from each SP to the SP directlysuperior.Cervical region:C2 to T2
Lumbar region:T12 to L5
Action: Extension of the neck and the lumbar spine
Nerve: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A. Interspinales
Origins / Insertions:
Pairs of muscles from each TVP to the TVP directlysuperior.Cervical region:C2 to T1
Lumbar region:T12 to L5
Action:Lateral flexion of the neck and
the lumbar spine
Nerve: Dorsal and ventral rami
of spinal nerves
B. Intertransversarii
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Erector Spinae Group(ESG)
1
3
2
G8 - 1,2,3
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 1,2,3
MMM, p. 132
The muscles of the Erector Spinae Group (ESG)are arranged in 3 columns and span the entireback and neck. They all create extension of thespine when they contract bilaterally. Theintermediate and lateral columns also createlateral flexion of the spine when contractingunilaterally.
G8 - 1: Spinalis - Most medial of 3
columns
G8 - 2: Longissimus - Intermediate of 3
columns
G8 - 3: Iliocostalis - Most lateral of 3
columns
Erector Spinae Group
(Superficial Paraspinal Muscles)
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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TransversospinalGroup (TSG)
G8 - 4,5,6
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
Intermediate
Layer
5
6
4
Deep
Layer
Superficial
Layer
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 4,5,6
MMM, p. 132
Transversospinal Group
(Deep Paraspinal Muscles)
The muscles of the transversospinal group(TSG) originate on transverse processes andinsert on spinous processes of the vertebrae.They have various lengths, spanning upwardfrom 1 to 5 vertebrae to reach their insertions.There are 3 layers –
G8 - 4: Semispinalis
Superficial layer - Each slip spans 5 vertebrae
G8 - 5: Multifidus
Middle layer - Each slip spans 2 to 4 vertebrae
G8 - 6: Rotatores
Deep layer – Muscle slips are very short:
Rotatores Brevis inserts next vertebra up
Rotatores Longus skips 1 vertebra
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Spinalis (separatedinto sections)
G8 - 1 (A, B)
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
G8 - 1 (A, B)
MMM, p. 135
Spinalis
Separated into spine sections A and B
Origin:
(A) Cervicis: Nuchal ligament (lower portion),
and SP’s of C7, T1, T2.
(B) Thoracis: SP's of lower thoracic and
upper lumbar vertebrae
(T11-T12 and L1-L2)
Insertion:
(A) Cervicis: SP's of upper cervical vertebrae
(C2-C4)
(B) Thoracis: SP's of upper 4 to 8 thoracic
vertebrae
Action:
BL & UL: Extension of the spine
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
A
B
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Longissimus(separated intosections)
G8 - 2 (A, B, C)
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
A
B
C
G8 - 2 (A, B, C)
MMM, p. 135
Origin:
(A) Capitis: Facets of the lower cervical vertebrae,
and TVP’s of upper thoracic vertebrae
(B) Cervicis: TVP’s of upper thoracic vertebrae
(C) Thoracis: Common tendon/lumbar fascia,
TVP’s of the lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
(A) Capitis: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
(B) Cervicis: TVP’s of cervical vertebrae
(C) Thoracis: Posterior medial aspect of lower
9 or 10 ribs, TVP’s of all thoracic V.
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Lateral flexion of the spine
(Also, some fibers assist rotation
of spine to the same side)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
Longissimus
Separated into spine sections A, B, and C
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Iliocostalis (separatedinto sections)
G8 - 3 (A, B, C)
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
G8 - 3 (A, B, C)
MMM, p. 135
Iliocostalis
Separated into spine sections A, B, and C
Origin:
(A) Cervicis: Angles of ribs 3-6
(B) Thoracis: Angles of the lower 6 ribs
(C) Lumborum: Common tendon/lumbar fascia,
posterior medial iliac crest
Insertion:
(A) Cervicis: TVP’s of C4-C6
(B) Thoracis: Angles of the upper 6 ribs
and TVP of C7
(C) Lumborum: Angles of lower 6 or 7 ribs
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Lateral flexion of the spine
(Also, some fibers assist rotation
of spine to the same side)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
A
B
C
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Semispinalis(separated intosections)
G8 - 4 (A, B)
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
A
B
G8 - 4 (A, B)
MMM, p. 135
Semispinalis
Separated into spine sections A and B
Origin:
(A) Capitis: TVP’s of C4-C7 and T1-T6
(B) Cervicis & Thoracis: TVP’s of thoracic
vertebrae T1-T10
Insertion:
(A) Capitis: Occipital bone
(between superior and inferior nuchal lines)
(B) Cervicis & Thoracis: SP’s of vertebraeabove (C2-T5) – spanning 5 vertebrae
before inserting
Action:
BL: Extension of the head and spine
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
(Cervicis and Thoracis)
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Multifidus (does notseparate intosections)
G8 - 5
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
Multifidus
Origin:
Sacrum and TVP's of all vertebrae
of the spine (except C1-C3)
Insertion:
SP's of vertebrae above –
each spans 2 - 4 vertebrae
above before inserting
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine,
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
All: Stabilize vertebrae on each other
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
bodylightbooks.com
G8 - 5
MMM, p. 135
Runs continuously whole length of spine,so it is not separated into sections
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
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Rotatores (separatedinto Longus andBrevis)
A
B
G8 - 6 (A, B)
© Bodylight Books
Posterior
G8 - 6 (A, B)
MMM, p. 135
Rotatores
Origin:
Sacrum and TVP's of all vertebrae of the spine
Insertion:
Lamina of vertebrae above –
(B) Brevis: Inserts on next vertebra up
(A) Longus: Skips 1 vertebra before inserting
Action:
BL: Extension of the spine
UL: Rotation of spine to opposite side
All: Stabilize vertebrae on each other
Nerve: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves
Separated into Longus (A) and Brevis (B)
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Help - Contents
This app combines the muscle learning pages from
the textbook Mastering Muscles & Movement
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muscle Origins, Insertions, Actions and Innervation.
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
© 2011 Bodylight Books
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Origins, Insertions, Actions
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Synergists, Antagonists, Innervation
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Other Info and Buttons on the Screen
For the Overview or Side-by-Side views, you can jumpdirectly to a flashcard byclicking on a muscle picture oron the text of a muscle name.
Once viewing the flashcard, youcan go back to the Overview orSide-by-Side view by clicking the“Last Slide Viewed” button:
For the Overview or Side-by-Side views, an extra buttonallows you to go back andforth between Show Musclesvs. Show Attachments.
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Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
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Help – Abbreviationson Flashcards
Abbreviations Used on Flashcards
SP–Spinous Process (of vertebra)
TVP–Transverse Process (of vertebra)
C#–One of the 7 cervical vertebrae, e.g. C4
T#–One of the 12 thoracic vertebrae, e.g. T10
L#–One of the 5 lumbar vertebrae, e.g. L2
N. –Nerve
Cr.N.–Cranial Nerve
C#, T#, L#, S# – Spinal segment (root) of motornerve (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacralrespectively)
UL–Unilateral contraction of muscle
BL–Bilateral contraction of muscle
- - - (dashed line) – Muscle attachment is hiddenfrom view, on the opposite side of the bone.
GH–Glenohumeral (joint)
HU– Humeroulnar (joint)
RU– Radioulnar (joint)
RC– Radiocarpal (joint)
CM– Carpometacarpal (joint)
MP– Metacarpophalangeal (joint)
PIP– Proximal Interphalangeal (joint)
DIP– Distal Interphalangeal (joint)
TF– Tibiofemoral (joint)
TC– Talocrural (joint)
TMJ– Temporomandibular Joint
Muscles that move the Spine
G8
Mastering Muscles & Movement
© 2011 Bodylight Books
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